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Foreign Research Fellow: Nanak Kakwani

中国收入分配研究院:Nanak Kakwani
Gender: Male
Brief Description:
Nanak Kakwani is currently a visiting Professor of Economics in China Institute for Income Distribution at Beijing Normal University. He has been a Professor of Economics for 30 years at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, and until 2006 was Principal Researcher and Director at United Nations Development Programme’s International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth in Brazil.
His research areas include poverty, inequality, pro-poor growth, taxation, public policies, human development. He has published more than 100 articles in leading international journals (including nine papers in Econometrica) and five books. He was an elected fellow of the Australian Research Committee of Social Science, and has been awarded the Mahalanobis gold medal for outstanding contribution in quantitative economics. He is well known for the Kakwani Index, which has been a standard measure for progresstivity for taxation and other social intervention.
Honours
Elected as Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia, 1979.
Awarded Mahalanobis Memorial Gold Medal by the Indian Econometric Society in 1984-85 for an outstanding research in quantitative economics.
Member of the Advisry Board of The Journal of Economic Inequality (an international journal).
Member of Steering Committee of Poverty and Economic Policy Net Work (a global net work) since 2006.
Work Experience:
Visiting Scholar: December 2006-December 2007, Faculty of Economics and Business, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Director and Chief Economist: January 2004-November 2006
United Nations Development Programme, International Poverty Centre, Brazil
Professor: 1970-2000, School of Economics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Head, Department of Econometrics 1970-1995, I retired from the university after 30 years of service as Professor.
Economist: 1974-76 (On leave from the University of NSW), World Bank, Washington DC, U.S.A.
Senior Fellow: 1985-87 (On leave from the University of NSW), World Institute Development Economics (WIDER), Helsinki
Staff consultant 1989 (On leave from the University of NSW), The World Bank, Washington DC, U.S.A.
Full-time staff consultant: 2000-2001, Asian development Bank, Manila, the Philippines
Professor of Economics: 1969-1970, University of Kurukshetra, India
Lecturer: 1966-67, University of Birmingham, England
Educational Experience:
B.Sc. (Honours) Delhi University 1960
First Division, second position in the University
M.A. Delhi University 1962
First division and first position in the university
Ph.D. Delhi University 1967
Thesis topic: Estimation and forecasting from econometrice models
Articles or Books:
Publications Since 2016
1.Kakwani Nanak and H Son (2016) "Global poverty estimates based on 2011 purchasing power parity: where should the new poverty line be drawn? " Journal of Economic Inequality, Vol. 14, No. 2, 173-184.
2. Kakwani N and H Son : Social Welfare functions and Development:Measurement and Policy Applications; to be published in May 2016 by Pallgrave Macmillan
3.Kakwani, Nanak., Shi Li, Xiaobing Wang, Mengbing Zhu,  2018, “Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee (Dibao) Program in China”.China Economic Review. In press, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2018.07.010 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043951X18301007?via%3Dihub
4.Kakwani, Nanak., Shi Li, Xiaobing Wang, Shanshan Wu,  2018, “Social Tensions in Growing China” The Manchester School. Forthcoming.
5. Kakwani, Nanak and Hyun Son (forthcoming), Economic Growth and Poverty, This book will form part of the International Library of Critical Writings in Economics Series published by Edward Elgar

BOOKS
1. Kakwani, N. Income Inquality and Poverty: Methods of Estimation and Policy Applications, Oxford University Press, New York, 1980, 450 pages.
2. Kakwani, N. Analysing Redistribution Policies: A Study Using the Australian Data, The Cambridge University Press, New York 1986, 298 pages.
3. Kakwani, N. and J. Silber (edited), Many Dimensions of Poverty, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
4. Kakwani, N. and J. Silber (edited), Quantitative Approaches to Multidimensional Poverty, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

Edited Special Issues of the following journal
1. Asian Development Review, Vol. 18 , No. 2, 2000
2. Journal of Asian Pacific Ecinomy, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2000.
3. World Development, Vol. 36, No. 6, June 2008.

JOURNAL ARTICLES: REFEREED JOURNALS

ECONOMETRIC THEORY
1. Nagar, A.L. and N. Kakwani. "The Bias and Moment Matrix of a Mixed Regression Estimator", Econometrica, Vol.32, 1964.
2. Kakwani, N. "Note on the Unbiased Estimation of the Third Moment of the Residual in Regression Analysis", Econometrica, Vol.33, No.2, 1965.
3. Nagar, A.L. and N. Kakwani. "On the use of Prior Information in Statistical Estimation of Economic Relations", Sankhya, Series A, Vol.27, 1965.
4. Kakwani, N. "Unbiasedness of Mixed Regression Estimator", Econometrica, April, 1968.
5. Kakwani, N. "An Instrumental Variable Interpretation of Three-Stage Least-Squares Estimation in the Simultaneous Equations", Indian Economic Review, 1969.
6. Nagar, A.L. and N. Kakwani. "A Note on Nagar-Kakwani Approximation to Variance of Mixed Regression Estimation", Indian Journal of Economics, Special Econometric Issue, 1974.
7. Nagar, A.L. and N. Kakwani. "Note on the Bias of Mixed Simultaneous Equation Estimation", International Economic Review, 1966.
8. Kakwani, N. and D.B. Gupta. "The Bias of the Prais and Aitchison's and Fisher's Iterative Estimators in Regression Analysis with Heteroscedastic Errors", Review of International Statistical Institute, Vol.35, 1967.
9. Kakwani, N. "The Bias of the Three-Stage Least-Squares Estimators in Simultaneous Equations", The Australian Journal of Statistics, Vol.13, April 1971.
10. Nagar, A.L. and N. Kakwani. "Measurement of the Marginal Propensity to Consume", Labdev, Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.1, July 1962.
11. Kakwani, N. "On Unbiasedness of Zellner's Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimators", The Journal of the American Statistical Association, March 1967.
12. Kakwani, N. "A Note on the Efficiency of the Zellner's Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimator", Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 1974.
13. Kakwani, N. "On the Use of Prior Information in Forecasting with a Linear Regression Model", Sankhya, The Indian Journal of Statistics, Vol.27, 1965.
14. Kakwani, N. "Best Unbiased Prediction from Simultaneous Equation Models", Indian Economic Review, 1966.
15. Kakwani, N. and Robin Court. "Reduced Form Coefficient Estimation and Forecasting from a Simultaneous Equation Model", The Australian Journal of Statistics, Vol.14, 1972.
16. Kakwani, N "The K-class Estimators of the Reduced Form Coefficients in Simultaneous Equation Models", The Australian Economic Papers, December 1975.
17. Kakwani, N. "The Coefficient of Determination for a Regression Model based Grouped Data", Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 55, No.2, pp. 245-251. May 1993,
18. Kakwani, N and E.Sowey "How to Measure Goodness of Fit in a Simultaneous Equation Model", Journal of Quantitative Economics, vol 12 January 1996 Pages 27-42
19. Kakwani, N and E.Sowey " A simple test for over-identification " Journal of Quantitative Economics, vol 14, 1998

IMPORT DEMAND
20. Kakwani, N. "On the Bias in Estimates of Import Demand Parameters", International Economic Review, June 1972.

DEMAND THEORY AND PERMANENT INCOME HYPOTHESIS
21. Kakwani, N. and R.H. Court. "Simultaneous Equation Estimation Under Linear A priori Restrictions with Applications to New Zealand Meat Demand", Review of the International Statistical Institute, Vol.38, 1970.
22. Kakwani, N. "On the Estimation of Engel Elasticities from Grouped Observations with Application to Indonesian Data", Journal of Econometrics, August 1977.
23. Kakwani, N. "An Alternative Econometric Approach to the Permanent Income Hypothesis, A Comment", Review of Economics and Statistics, February 1977.
24. Kakwani, N. "A New Method of Estimating Engel Elasticities", Journal of Econometrics, Vol.8, 1978, 103-110.
25. Kakwani, N. "On the Estimation of Consumer Unit Scale", Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.59, 1977.

INCOME INEQUALITY: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
26. Kakwani, N. and N. Podder. "On the Estimation of Lorenz Curve from Grouped Observations", International Economic Review, Vol.14, 1973.
27. Kakwani, N. "A Note on the Efficiency of the New Measures of Income Inequality", Econometrica, Vol.42, May 1974.
28. Kakwani, N. and N. Podder. "Efficient Estimation of Lorenz Curve and Related Inequality Measures", Econometrica, January 1976.
29. Kakwani, N. "Applications of Lorenz Curves in Economic Analysis", Econometrica, April 1977.
30. Kakwani, N. "On the Estimation of Income Inequality Measures from Grouped Observations", Review of Economic Studies, October 1976.
31. Kakwani, N. "Functional Forms for Estimating Lorenz Curve: A Reply", Econometrica, May 1980.
32. Kakwani, N. "Inequality of Income Derived from Survey Data during the Inflationary Period", Economic Letters, Vol.23 (1987).

TAXATION AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION
33. Kakwani, N. "Measurement of Tax Progressivity: An International Comparison", The Economic Journal, March 1977.
34. Kakwani, N. "Redistributive Effects of Alternative Negative Income Tax Plans", Public Finance, May 1977.
35. Kakwani, N. "Taxation in an Inflationary Economy", Economic Record, 1989.
36. Kakwani, N. "Measurement of Tax Progressivity: A Reply", Economic Journal, September 1979.
37. Kakwani, N. "Progressivity Index of Sales Tax on Individual Expenditure Items in Australia", Economic Record, March 1983.
38. Kakwani, N. "Measures of Tax Progressivity and Redistribution Effect: A Comment", Public Finance, Vol.XXXII, No.3, 1987, 431-434.
39. Kakwani, N. and Ranjan Ray, "Optimal Taxation under Rationing", Public Finance, 1992.
40. Kakwani, N. "On the Measurement of Tax Progressivity and Redistributive Effect of Taxes with Applications to Horizontal and Vertical Equity", Advances in Econometrics, Vol.3, JAI Press, 1984.
41. Kakwani ,N and Peter Lambert "On measuring inequity in taxation: a new approach" European Journal of Political Economy, vol 14, 1998,pp 369-380
42. Kakwani ,N and Peter Lambert " Measuring Income Tax discrimination" Review of Economics and Staistics, 1999.

DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME AND WEALTH IN AUSTRALIA
43. Podder N. and N. Kakwani. "Distribution of Wealth in Australia" Review of Income and Wealth, 1977, 173-191.

POVERTY: THEORY AND PRACTICE
44. Kakwani, N. "Measurement of Poverty and Negative Income Tax", Australian Economic Papers, December 1977.
45. Kakwani, N. "On the Class of Poverty Measures", Econometrica, March 1980.
46. Kakwani, N. "Note on a New Measure of Poverty", Econometrica, vol.49, no.2 1981.
47. Kakwani, N. "Issues in Measuring Poverty", Advances in Econometrics, Vol.3, JAI Press, 1984.
48. Kakwani, N. "Statistical Inference in the Measurement of Poverty", The Review of Economics and Statistics, pages 632-639 vol. LXXV Nov. 1993.
49. Kakwani, N. "Poverty and Economic Growth with Application to Côte d'Ivoire", Review of Income and Wealth, June 1993, 121-139.
50. Kakwani, N. "Testing an Hypothesis about Differences in Poverty estimated from Grouped Data", Economic Letters, vol 46, 1994, 263-271.
51. Kakwani, N. "Measuring Poverty with Uncertain Poverty Line", Journal of Income Distribution. Vol 5, No 2, 1995 pp. 201-210

POVERTY IN INDIA
52. Kakwani, N. and S. Subbarao, "Rural Poverty and its Alleviation in India", Economic and Political Weekly, March, 1990.
53. Kakwani, N. and S. Subbarao, "Rural Poverty and its Alleviation in India: Discussion", Economic and Political Weekly, June 1991.
54. Kakwani, N. and K. Subbarao, "Rural Poverty and Its Alleviation in India: Discussion", Economic and Political Weekly, 1992.

WELFARE: MEASUREMENT AND APPLICATIONS
55. Kakwani, N. "Welfare Measures: An International Comparison", Journal of Development Economics, 1981, 21-45.
56. Kakwani, N. "Measurement of Welfare with Application to Australia", Journal of Development Economics, 1985.
57. Kakwani, N. "Welfare Ranking of Income Distribution", Advances in Econometrics, Vol.3, JAI Press, 1984.
58. Kakwani, N. "Relative Deprivation Curve and Its Applications", Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 1984.
59. Kakwani, N. "Relative Deprivation Curve: Reply", Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 1984.
60. Kakwani, N. "Relative Deprivation Curve: Reply", Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 1985.
61. Kakwani, N. "On Measuring Welfare", Kansantaloudellinen, The Journal of Finnish Economic Association, 1986.

STANDARDS OF LIVING, Nutrition and well-being: THEORY AND PRACTICE
62. Kakwani, N. "Welfare, Income Inequality and Poverty in a Developing Economy with Applications to Sri Lanka", Social Choice and Welfare, Vol.5, 1988, 199-222.
63. Kakwani, N. "Undernutrition: Measurement and Policy Implications", Kansantaloudellinen, The Journal of Finnish Economic Association, 1987.
64. Kakwani, N. "On Measuring Undernutrition", Oxford Economic Papers, July 1989.
65. Kakwani, N. "Performance in Living Standards", Journal of Development Economics, 1993, Vol 41, 307-336.
66. Kakwani, N. and K. Subbarao, "Global Development: Is the Gap Widening or Closing", in Policy Studies in Developing Nations, Vol. 1, 1994, Jai Press Inc, pages 65-118.
67. Kakwani, N. and K. Subbarao, "Are Low Income Countries Catching up or Falling Further Behind? Evidence from Income and Demographic Indications", The Economic and Labour Relations Review, June 1993, 98-119.
68. Kakwani, N. "Structural Adjustment and Performance in Living Standards in Developing Countries", Development and Change, Vol. 26, No.3, pp. 469-502, July 1995,

PRO-POOR GROWTH, POVERTY AND INEQUALITY
69. Kakwani, N. "Economic Growth, Poverty and Government Programmes with Applications to Australia", Politica Economica , pps 281-330. Dec 1994,.
70. Kakwani, N. "Growth Rates of Per Capita Income and Aggregate Welfare: An International Comparison", Review of Economics and Statistics, June 1997.
71. Kakwani, N. "Income Inequality, Welfare and Poverty in Ukraine", Development and Change,Vol 27 , Number 4, 1996. Pages 663-691
72. Kakwani, N and Mehdi Krongkaew "Economic Growth, Poverty and Income Inequality : Introduction" Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Volume 5, No ½ ,pp 9-13, 2000.
73. Kakwani, N. "Economic Growth, Poverty and Income Support Programmes in Australia" Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Volume 5, No ½ ,pp 14-37, 2000.
74. Kakwani, N and Mehdi Krongkaew "Analyzing Poverty in Thailand" Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy , Volume 5, No ½ ,pp 140-159, 2000.
75. Kakwani, N "Growth and inequality components of change in poverty with application to Thailand" Journal of Quantitatiove Economics, 2001.
76. Kakwani, N and E. Pernia, "What is Pro-poor Growth" Asian Development Review, Vol 19, 2001.
77. Kakwani, N., "Growth and Poverty Reduction: An Empirical Analysis", Asian Development Review, Vol 19, 2001, pp 38-48.
78. Kakwani, N and Hyun Hwa Son "Poverty Equivalent Growth rate" Review of Income and Wealth, Series 54 Number 4 December 2008

LABOUR MARKETS: SEGREGATION and Pro-poor Growth
79. Kakwani, N., "Segregation by Sex: Estimation and Hypothesis Testing", in Advances in Econometrics, in Research on Economic Inequality, Vol. 5, pps. 1-26, Jai Press, 1994.
80 Kakwani, N, Marcelo Neri and Hyun Hwa Son, "Linkage between Pro-poor Growth, Social Programs and labor Market: The Recent Brazilian Experience" World Development

HEALTH ECONOMICS
81. Kakwani, N. Adam Wagstaff and Eddy Van Doorslaer, "Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health: Measurement, Computation and Statistical Inference", Journal of Econometrics, Vol 77, 1997 pages 87-103.

PRICE INDICES, INEQUALITY AND POVERTY
82. Kakwani, N and R. Hill, "Economic Theory of Spatial Price Indices with Application to Thailand" Journal of Public Economics 86, 2002, pp. 71-97
83. Kakwani, N and H. Son, "Measuring Impact of Prices on Inequality: with applications to Thailand and Korea", Journal of Economic Inequality, 2006 (Aug.), Vol. 4, No. 2. 181-207.
84. Son, H. and N. Kakwani, "Measuring the Impact of Price Changes on Poverty", Journal of Economic Inequality, 2008

LABOR MARKETS
85. Kakwani, N. and H. Son, "Long-term Trends and Economic Crisis in Korean Social Sector" The Indian Journal of Labor Economics, 2000, Vol. 43, No. 3, 467-88.

GOLBAL ESTIMATES
86. Son, H. and N. Kakwani, "Global Estimates of Pro-Poor Growth" World Development, 2008, Vol. 36, No. 6, 1048-66.
87. Kakwani, N. "Global Poverty Counts", 2008, Asian Development Review, Vol. 24, No. 2, 30-45.

CHAPTERS IN BOOKS
1. Kakwani, N. "Large Sample Distribution of Several Inequality Measures: With Application to Côte D'Ivoire", in R.A.L. Carter, J. Dutta and A. Ullah. Contributions to Econometric Theory and Application Springer-Verlag, New York, (1990).
2. Kakwani, N. "Tax Evasion and Income Distribution", in J.F.J. Toye, (ed), Taxation and Development, Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. London, 1978.
3. Kakwani N. and N. Podder. "Incidence of Indirect Taxes and Company Income Tax", The Australian Taxation Review Commissioned Studies, published by the Australian Government, Canberra 1975.
4. Kakwani, N. "Impact of Taxes and Government Benefits on Income Distribution and Poverty in Australia" in John Head, (ed), Taxation Conference Volume, published by Australian Taxation Research Foundation, 1983.
5. Kakwani, N. and S. Subbarao, "Rural Poverty in India 1973-86", in M. Lipton and J. Van der Gaag (ed), Including the Poor, World Bank Press, 1993, 413-462.
6. Podder N. and N. Kakwani. "Distribution and Redistribution of Household Income in Australia", Australian Taxation Review Commissioned Studies, Canberra 1975.
7. Kakwani, N. "Estimates of Poverty and Income Distribution in Australia: A Discussion" The Industry Commission Conference on Equity, Efficiency and Welfare' Commonwealth of Australia 1996.
8. Kakwani, N. "Inter-individual Variation and Undernutrition", in S. Osmani (editor) Nutrition and Poverty, Clarendon Press Oxford, 1992, pages 165-186.
9. Kakwani, N., E. Makonnen and J. Van der Gaag, "Structural Adjustment and Living Conditions in Developing Countries", in M. Lipton and J. Van der Gaag (ed), Including the Poor, World Bank Press, 1993. 135-189.
10. Kakwani, N. "Measuring Poverty: Definitions and Significance Tests with Application to Côte D'Ivoire" M. Lipton and J. Van der Gaag, Including the Poor, World Bank Press, 1993, 43-90.
11. Kakwani, N. "Poverty Measurement and Hypothesis Testing" in John Creedy (ed), Taxation, Poverty and Income Distribution, Edward Elgar, 1994, 48-68.
12. Kakwani ,N, " Equity , Efficiency : Policy Consideration: A Discussion" The Industry Commission Conference on Equity, Efficiency and Welfare' Commonwealth of Australia 1996.
13. Kakwani,N "Inequality,Welfare and Poverty: Three interrelated Phenomena" in Handbook on Income Inequality Measurement, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston/Dordrecht/London 2000
14. Kakwani, N., "Economic Growth and Welfare: An Australian Perspective 1960-88", in Johnson, M; P. Kriesler and A. Owen (eds), Contemporary Issues in Australia Economics, Macmillan, Australia, 1991, pps 232-252.
15. Kakwani, N and Mehdi Krongkaew, "Thailand's Generational Accounts"in Alan J. Auerbach, Laurence J. Kotlikoff and Willi Leibfritz (eds) Genrational Accounting Around the World, A NBER publication Chicago University Press, 1999.
16. Kakwani, N " A New Model for Constructing Poverty Thresholds" in Joseeph Deutsch Jacques Silber (eds) The Measurement of Individual Well-being and group Inequality, Routledge 2011.
17 Kakwani N and Hyun Son " Pro-poor Growth: The Asian Experience" in Machiko Nissanke and Erik Thorbecke (eds) Globalization and Poor in Asia, Palgrave Macmillion 2008.

Other Prestigious Publications
18. Kakwani, N. "The Lorenz Curve", The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, The Macmillan Press, 1990.

Monographs
1. Kakwani, N. Redistribution Effects of Income Tax and Cash Benefits in Australia, C.A.E.R. Paper No.18, Centre for Applied Economic Research, The University of New South Wales, 1983, 108 pages.
2. Kakwani, N. The Economic Crisis of the 1980 and Standards of Living in Eighty Developing Countries, C.A.E.R. Paper No.25, Centre for Applied Economic Research, The University of New South Wales, 110.

BOOK REVIEWS
1. Income Distribution, Structure of Economy Employment by Felix Pauker, Jiri Skolka and Jef Maton London: Croom Helm, 1981, Third World Quarterly 1983.
2. "The Urban Labour Market and Income Distribution: A Study of Malaysia" by Dipak Mazumdar, Oxford University Press, New York. Third World Quarterly 1983.
3. Peter Saunders, Equity and the Impact on Families of the Australian Tax-Transfer System, Institute of Family Studies Monograph No.2 1982. Australian Society 1984.
4. Optimal Income Tax and Redistribution by M. Tuomal, Clarendon Press: Oxford, Scandinavian Journal of Economics.

Papers written while ADB consultant in Thailand 1997-1999
1. "Conceptual Framework of well-being", Indicators of Well-being and Policy Analysis, Vol. 1, no.1, October, 1997
2. "Thailand's Recent Export Performanace", Indicators of Well-being and Policy Analysis, Vol. 1, no.2, October, 1997
3. "Government Expenditures: How are they distributed?", Indicators of Well-being and Policy Analysis, Vol. 2, no.3, Februrary, 1998
4. "New Poverty Thresholds for Thailand with Policy Applications", Indicators of Well-being and Policy Analysis, Vol. 2, no.4, March 1998
5. "Poverty Profiles for Thailand", Indicators of Well-being and Policy Analysis, Vol. 2, no. 5, May 1998.
6. "Impact of Economic Crisis on the Standard of Living in Thailand", Indicators of Well-being and Policy Analysis, Vol. 2, no. 6, October 1998.
7. "Poverty and Inequality during the Economic Crisis in Thailand", Indicators of Well-being and Policy Analysis, Vol. 3, no. 7, January 1999.
8. "Education in Transition in Thailand", Indicators of Well-being and Policy Analysis, Vol. 3, no. 8, April 1999.
9. "Health and Nutrition in Thailand", Indicators of Well-being and Policy Analysis, Vol. 3., no. 9, July 1999.

Papers written while ADB consultant in EDRC (EDAN) in Manila 2000
1. Kakwani, N and E. Pernia, "What is Pro-poor Growth" Asian Development Review, Vol 19, 2001.
2. Kakwani, N., " Growth and Poverty Reduction: An Empirical Analysis", Asian Development Review, Vol 19, 2001, pp 38-48.
3. Kakwani, N and Hyun H. Son, "Specifying Poverty Lines" presented at the Asia Pacific Forum on Poverty held at Manial Feb 5-9, 2001.
4. Kakwani, N. "Poverty, Inequality and Wellbeing in the Philippines with Focus on Mindanao"
5. Kakwani, N and Hyun H. Son, " Asian Recovery: A Social Perspective"
6. Kakwani, N., B. Prakash, and Hyun H. Son, "Economic Growth, Poverty and Inequality: Introductory Essay", 2000, Asian Development Review, Vol. 18., No.2, pp. 1-21.

Papers written while Chief Economist/Director at UNDP-International Poverty Centre in Brazil
1 Kakwani, N. and H. Son, "Economies of scale in household consumption: with application to Australia", Australian Economic Papers, 2005, Vol. 44, Issue 2, pp. 134-148.
2 Kakwani, N. and H. Son, "Measuring Impact of Prices on Inequality: with applications to Thailand and Korea", Journal of Economic Inequality, 2006, Vol. 4, No. 2. 181-207.
3 Kakwani, N. and H. Son, "Economic Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: Korea and Thailand", Chapter 3 in Public Sector Policy in Asia: Implications for Business and Government edited by D. Newman, M. G. Asher and T. Snyder, Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.; Westport USA for the National University of Singapore.
4 Kakwani, N. and H. Son, "On Measures of Inequality and Poverty with Welfare Implications", 2005, Chapter 2 in Handbook on Public Sector Performance Evaluation Series (edited by Anwer Shah), The World Bank: Washington D. C.
5 Kakwani, N. and H. Son, "On Assessing Pro-Poorness of Government Programmes: International Comparisons", 2005, Working Paper No. 6, International Poverty Centre, Brazil.
6 Kakwani, N. and H. Son, "How Costly Is It to Achieve the Millennium Development Goal of Halving Poverty between 1990 and 2015", 2006, Working Paper No. 19, International Poverty Centre, Brazil.
7 Kakwani, N., F. Soares, and H. Son, "Cash transfers for School-Age Children in African Countries: Simulation of Impacts on Poverty and School Attendance", 2006, Development Policy Review, Vol. 24, No. 5, 553-569.
8 Kakwani, N. and H. Son, "Evaluating Targeting Efficiency of Government Programmes: International Comparison", WIDER Jublee volume, Pelgrave Macmillion, 2006.
9 Kakwani, N. and H. Son, "Poverty Analysis for Policy Use: Profiles and Mapping", Chapter 7 in United Nations Handbook on Poverty Statistics, United Nations, New York, 2006.
10 Kakwani, N. and H. Son, "New Global Counts", Working Paper UNDP- International Poverty Centre, Brazil.
11 Son, H. and N. Kakwani, "Global Estimates of Pro-poor Growth" Working Paper UNDP-International Poverty Cenre, Brazil.

Technical Reports
1. Kakwani, N., Tebogo Seleka, and H. Son, 2005, "Poverty Status Report for Botswana: Incidence, Trends, and Dynamics" (UNDP Botswana)
2. Kakwani, N., H. Son, and R. Hinz, 2006, "Poverty, old-age and Social Pensions in Kenya" (World Bank)
3. Kakwani, N., F. Soares, and H. Son, 2005, "Conditional Cash Transfers in African Countries" (DFID)
4. Kakwani, N., 2004, Poverty Line in Russia (World Bank)
5. Kakwani, N., 2004, Pro-poor Growth in Russia (World Bank)
6. Kakwani, N., 2004, Poverty Assessment for Jordon (World Bank)
7. Kakwani, N., 2000, Poverty in Philippines (ADB)
8. Kakwani, N. and G. Datt, 2001, " Poverty in Lao PDR" (World Bank)
9. Kakwani, N., 1998, "Economic Crisis and Poverty in Korea" (World Bank)
10. Kakwani, N., 2006, "New Poverty Thresholds for Pakistan" (UNDP- Pakistan)

Country experience
Australia, Thailand, Lao PDR, The Philippines, India, Pakistan, Jordan, Botswana, Colombia, Russia, Timore Leste, Brazil, Kenya, Rwanda and Bahrain .
More Outcome or Information:
Projects
1. For the World Bank
- Evaluation of Bahrain’s cash transfer and other social welfare programs.
- Red meat subsidy in Bahrain: welfare impact and reform options.
- “Evaluating and designing social protection programs in Rwanda”
- Fuel subsidy in Kuwait
- Labor Market Activation in Kuwait
I have just finalized the reports on Fuel Subsidy and Labor Market Activation in Kuwait.
2. United nations: ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
- Inequality and Relative Deprivation and Social Groups with Applications to Brazil.
- Linkage between Pro-poor Growth and Social programs: Brazilian Experience 1992-2012
- On Measuring Social Tension with Application to Brazil
- Growth and Shared Prosperity in Brazil from 2001-2012
These four studies are jointly with Marcelo Neri ; Minister of Strategic Affairs in Brazil.
Last Updated Time: 2018/8/1 20:32:07
Projects of CCEHD