关键词:贫困; 短期课程
主题:Methodology for the Poverty Research
地点:后主楼1620
主讲人简介:Nanak Kakwani was Professor of Economics for 30 years at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, and until 2006 was Principal Researcher and Director at United Nations Development Programme’s International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth in Brazil. He was an elected fellow of the Australian Research Committee of Social Science, and has been awarded the Mahalanobis gold medal for outstanding contribution in quantitative economics. He has published over 100 articles in international journals, as well as four books.
Course 1: Pro-poor Growth with Applications
Time: 2017-03-07 Tuesday 14:00
The methodology developed in the course will be applied to three Asia countries Korea, Thailand and Vietnam and one Latin American country Brazil.
References
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun Son (2008), “Pro-poor Growth and Asian Experience” in (edited) Machico Nissanki and Erik Thorbeck , Globalization and the Poor in Asia: Can Shared Growth be Sustianed?, Palgrave Macmillan
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun Son (2008) , “Poverty Equivalent Growth rate” Review of Income and Wealth , Series 54 Number 4 December
Course 2: Assessing Pro- poor Policies Government programs
This course will define pro-poor policies and develops a new “Pro-Poor Policy (PPP)” index, which measures the pro-poorness of government programs, as well as basic service delivery in education, health and infrastructure. The index provides a means to assess the targeting efficiency of government programs compared to perfect targeting. The course also deals with the policy issue of how targeting efficiency of government programs varies across various socioeconomic groups. To this effect, the two types of PPP indices are developed for socioeconomic groups, which are within-group and total-group PPP indices. The within-group PPP index captures how well targeted a program is within a group. On the other hand, if our objective is to maximize poverty reduction at the national level, the targeting efficiency of particular group should be judged on the basis of total-group PPP index. Using micro unit-record data on household surveys from Thailand, Russia, Vietnam, and 15 African countries, the course will provide empirical evaluations of a wide range of government programs and basic services.
Course 3: On Measuring Social Tension
Social tension has many dimensions shaped by economic, social, and political factors. Some of these dimensions are not quantifiable. This paper deals with dimensions of social tension that can be quantified using available data from household surveys. The following aspects of social tension will be considered in the chapter: (i) high inequality, (ii) existence of poverty, (iii) shrinking middle class and increased polarization, (iv) growth volatility, and (v) social immobility.
Measuring each of these dimensions will require normative judgments, which become explicit using a social welfare function. A social welfare function is primarily used to identify policies that work and those that do not. From any public policy perspective, various policies affect individuals differently; some lose while others gain. Hence, it is inevitable to make some form of normative judgments in the assessment of policies using social welfare functions. Social welfare functions help specify judgments on the weights rendered to different individuals.
This paper aims to derive social welfare functions that explicitly incorporate judgments about various types of social tension. Such social welfare functions provide the basis for the measurement of social tension. These social welfare functions are applied in Brazil’s case, with an empirical analysis of levels and trends of various types of social tension in the country from 1992 to 2012 using data from a national household survey called the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (PNAD).
References:
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun Son (2016), “On Measuring Social Tension” Chapter 3 in Social welfare Functions and Development : Measurement and Policy Applications, Palgrave Macmillan
Course 4: Relative Deprivation and Social Groups
This course will provide a linkage between relative deprivation and inequality in the society. It will develop a methodology to estimate the average deprivation experienced by various social groups. It helped identify particular social groups with greater deprivation in society. Identifying such groups is important because reducing inequality can be more effective through policies directly targeting these social groups rather than specific individuals.
The course will discuss the relationship between demographic structure and inequality. The following social groups are analyzed:
1. Social groups by age (demographic structure)
2. Rural and urban groups (migration)
3. Education
4. Social classes (poor, middle income and rich classes)
5. Racial groups
This methodology is fairly general and can be applied to any country including China.
Reference :
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun Son (2016), “On Measuring Social Tension” Chapter 4 in Social welfare Functions and Development : Measurement and Policy Applications, Palgrave Macmillan
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